Project knowledge and its resituation in the design of research projects: Seymour Benzer's behavioral genetics, 1965-1974

The article introduces a framework for analyzing the knowledge that researchers draw upon when designing a research project by distinguishing four types of “project knowledge”: goal knowledge, which concerns possible outcomes, and three forms of implementation knowledge that concern the realization of the project: 1) methodological knowledge that specifies possible experimental and non-experimental strategies to achieve the chosen goal; 2) representational knowledge that suggests ways to represent data, hypotheses, or outcomes; and 3) organizational knowledge that helps to build or navigate the material and social structures that enable a project. In the design of research projects such knowledge will be transferred from other successful projects and these processes will be analyzed in terms of modes of resituating knowledge. The account is developed by analyzing a case from the history of biology. In a reciprocal manner, it enables a better understanding of the historical episode in question: around 1970, several researchers who had made successful careers in the emerging field of molecular biology, working with bacterial model systems, attempted to create a molecular biology of the physiological processes in multicellular organisms. One of them was Seymour Benzer, who designed a research project addressing the physiological processes underlying behavior in Drosophila.     

基于自适应形状先验的快速图像分割算法

 针对传统GrabCut算法在GMM迭代参数估计阶段时间复杂度较高,当图像中含有噪声或遮挡物时容易发生分割错误的问题,提出一种结合多阶抽样GMM与自适应形状先验的图像分割算法.该算法首先根据采样数定理对像素点进行均匀多阶抽样,依据样本点估计GMM参数;然后加入形状先验项约束图像分割过程,同时对形状先验约束比例采用自适应方法进行控制,获得最终分割结果.针对形状仿射变换,运用SURF与RANSAC进行处理,使本文算法更加灵活.实验表明,本文算法分割结果更加准确,效率更高.     

大规模向量式有限元行为数据压缩模型及算法

针对向量式有限元程式计算所产生的结果数据体积庞大,上传云端和读取处理的速度瓶颈,必须对其进行有效的压缩.通过对向量式有限元行为数据进行分析,依据数据本身的冗余度高、无效信息多、数据格式较长等特点,进而提出一种适用的压缩算法,对行为数据进行时间帧合并、删减冗余数据、舍去过长精度、线元素增量表示等压缩方法.经过验证,本算法压缩后的数据体积明显减小,而程序读取数据的速度则有显著提高,大幅改善了向量式有限元行为分析软件的使用效率.     

Repeated sampling adds to the genetic diversity of Lepidochelys olivacea (Eschscholtz 1829) olive ridley sea turtle

ABSTRACT

First sampled in the late 1990s, Campamento Tortuguero La Gloria, in Jalisco, Mexico, was resampled for olive ridley sea turtle (Lepidochyles olivacea Eschscholtz) diversity 10 years later. A comparison with all previously reported mitochondrial sequences revealed that these new samples added to the known genetic diversity for this species, and revealed unexpectedly high genetic diversity among turtles nesting on this beach. The results highlight the importance of systematic resampling in known nesting rookeries to verify the genetic diversity of study populations. Three new olive ridley haplotypes are reported, all more closely related to Baja Californian haplotypes than to Australian haplotypes. Significant genetic divergence is reported within populations, within ocean basins (Atlantic, Pacific, Indian and Indo-Pacific), and between ocean basins. Furthermore, this is the first study that integrates satellite tagging data to demonstrate diverse post-nesting migration patterns of turtles with identical haplotypes, and it demonstrates flexibility in post-nesting migratory behaviour for olive ridley sea turtles of the same genetic provenance.     

基于IC卡数据的老年人公交出行行为

公交是城市老年人主要的出行方式。为研究老年人公交出行行为选择,引导老年人错峰和合理出行,提高公交运营效率,基于长沙市公交IC(Intergrated circuit)卡刷卡数据,分析了老年出行者高峰出行和无谓出行的状况。采用MNP(Multinominal Probit)模型和MNL(Multinominal Logit)模型,以一种新视角构建了老年人公交出发时间和出行次数选择模型,按照出行日期不同分别进行模型参数标定。结果表明:卡片类型、年龄、优惠程度、消费金额对出发时间和出行次数有显著影响,不同年龄段的高峰出行和无谓出行存在差异,且MNL模型的拟合精度度更高,能为解决老年人高峰出行和无谓出行提供指导。     

低碳产业上市公司并购行为对公司劳动力需求的效应——基于动态面板数据的实证分析

以2003~2009年沪深两市发生并购的低碳产业上市公司的面板数据集为研究对象,通过构造动态面板数据模型,探究低碳产业上市公司并购对公司劳动力需求的影响。研究结果表明低碳产业上市公司并购有利于增加公司劳动力需求。本文研究不但从理论上丰富了并购的研究内容、拓展了研究范围,从实证上明确了并购对公司劳动力需求的影响关系,并且为相关政府部门合理制定就业政策提供了可行建议。     

基于计划行为理论的家族企业资本结构形成路径研究:实证分析及稳健性检验

以计划行为理论为研究框架对家族企业的资本结构形成过程进行理论分析和实证检验,研究发现家族企业的资本结构形成路径是以家族企业家的融资意向为起点,然后上升为企业融资决策,进一步转化为融资行为,最后形成特定资本结构的过程。实证检验的结果不仅支持理论推导的路径模型,同时表明,即便企业发生重大变动,计划行为理论模型在解释家族企业资本结构形成上仍然适用,家族企业资本结构形成路径具有稳定性。     

浅谈政府外事接待口译

随着政府外事接待活动的增加,口译也显得越发重要。译员要认真做好口译准备及过程中的各项工作,并不断提升自身素质,以适应政府外事活动的需要。     

一类二阶非线性泛函微分方程的振动性

研究了一类二阶非线性泛函微分方程的振动性,建立了4个新的振动定理,并给出了其应用.推广了有关文献中的部分结果.